DCS (Digital Coded Squelch) is digital data or code word that is transmitted with the voice audio. This data is sub-audible with most of it's energy below 300Hz. However is does have a wide bandwidth from 2 to 300 Hz. Unlike CTCSS (Continuous Tone Coded Squelch System) which uses continuous tones below 300 Hz., DCS uses digital data or code words. Each code word is unique and all code words may be used on the same channel without interference. At the end of the radio transmission and about 1/2 second before the transmitter un-keys, the radio will encode a 134 Hz tone that serves as a turn off code. The FM deviation level of DCS data should be in the range of 500 to 800 Hz.

Unlike CTCSS, DCS signal spectrum occupies considerable more bandwidth. A poor low frequency response in the transmitter or receiver may not seriously distort a single frequency tone signal but may seriously degrade a wide band signal containing multiple frequency components. The distortion risk is especially high if the frequency response delays the wide band frequency components.

DCS is operated at a low baud rate (134.4 bits per second) and because DCS may have extended periods of all ones and zeros almost all components in the transmitter and receiver chain must be coupled down to at lease 2 Hz or lower. This requirement means that certain transmitters and receivers must be modified before they are capable of DCS operation. Phase modulators, in particular, need special consideration because they theoretically are incapable of being directly modulated by dc, unlike direct FM modulation methods. Low frequency response is the primary requirement for DCS systems.

You will fined that it is extremely important for the receiver and transmitter to be on frequency to achieve maximum performance of the DCS function. Errors in the transmitter and receiver frequencies show up a the discriminator output as a step function. Because of the long time constant required for the low frequency response, a step function can block the decoder momentarily. With DCS, error correction is necessary. But if too many errors occur, you may experience some blocking out of the decoder. Errors can occur because of unwanted low frequency energy. The DCS decoders can be effected by voice energy that falls below 300 Hz. Some radios do not remove this energy before transmission and can cause voice blocking of the decoder. A sub audio filter that removes this low frequency energy before the audio is re-transmitted is necessary for reliable DCS operation.

Before you start modifying your radio to operate DCS, make sure your service monitor is DCS capable. Some older monitors require modifications to obtain the low frequency audio response needed for DCS operation. If in doubt, contact the manufacturer.

CTCSS (Continuous Tone Controlled Squelch System) a sub audible tone in the range of 67 to 254 Hz. The FM deviation level of CTCSS tones should be in the range of 500 to 800 Hz. These tones are encoded with the voice audio at all times during the transmission. Any one or more of the 50 tones can be used to gain access to the repeater. CTCSS decode and encode is provided as a standard feature on all of our controllers, using state of the art devices. All standard and non standard EIA CTCSS tones can be decoded or encoded. You may select 1, 2, 3 or up to all 50 CTCSS decode tones to operate the repeater. You can even use CTCSS tones and DCS codes on the same channel. We have also divided the CTCSS decode into six independent tone panels. This allows you to assign a different group of tones for different functions. These tone panels have the following functions:

The CTCSS encode deviation level can be adjusted up and down remotely over the air or telephone interconnect. The received or incoming CTCSS tones may be passed to the repeater transmitter, or filtered (removed with a high pass filter, with no tone going out to the repeater transmitter). Under normal conditions, you will filter out in incoming tone and re-encoding a new CT

CTCSS tone either on the same or a selected different frequency.

The reliable local range for a legal CB radio is from one to five miles. These radio frequencies are subject to ionisphereic skip so it is possible to hear stations that are many hundreds of miles away. You may legally talk to stations within a 150 mile radious of your station. It is not legal to talk "skip" on a CB radio.